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Earth house, 'Dietikon eco house'
일전에 땅속집을 소개하면서 일부 보여드린 집들입니다.
스위스 Dietikon지역에 지어진 환경 건축가 '페터 베치' 땅속집들 입니다.
Earth house
An earth house (also known as an earth berm or an earth sheltered home) is an architectural style characterized by the use of natural terrain to help form the walls of a house. An earth house is usually set partially into the ground and covered with thin growth. Modern earth houses are built with concrete walls and insulation.
Introduction
Unlike traditional residential houses built on the ground, the aim of building an earth house is not to
live under or in the ground, but with it. If ground and house are separated, a house is built “into the
air”, resulting in the loss of heat and humidity, and the exterior shell of a building loses lifespan.
The earth house concept uses the ground as an insulating blanket that efficiently protects it from rain,
low temperatures, wind and natural abrasion.
An earth house does not have to be built under the ground, it can be placed onto naturally grown
terrain. The earth house is a flexible construction which can be built according to the wishes of its
owners, fulfilling the requirements for individuality and energy conservation.
The structural engineering of an earth house creates for an organic design requiring spatial sense
and creativity. Earth house architecture brings to mind habitable sculptures, incorporating artistic claim
and sculptural quality.
The entrance to an earth house can be in the roof. Early earth houses had no windows, but modern
earth houses can have windows inside the roof which can mean that more natural sunlight enters
them than in an average house. The earth house does not have to be simple in design or low in cost;
"The Burrow" in Canterbury, UK, went on sale for ￡2 million in May 2007.[1] It featured five bedrooms
and was designed by Patrick Kennedy-Sanigar, who is now trying to build a "village" using this type
of housing.
Structural engineering
Structures, which are designed as integral arches, can be constructed as stiff individual objects or
by means of a sprayed concrete procedure. Arches made of sprayed concrete provide for free and
organic shapes, allowing rooms to become suffused with light. The sprayed concrete procedure was
first used by natural scientist Carl Akeley in 1911. Akeley patented a device able to spray fine-grained
concrete. While sprayed concrete is mainly applied in underground engineering and tunnel
construction, Friedrich Kiesler was the first to use this technique for the construction of buildings.
Swiss architect Peter Vetsch improved the technique over several years. To date, he has built over
40 earth houses using sprayed concrete, and he can therefore be considered the leading authority in
this area of expertise.[citation needed] The sprayed concrete is applied to a finely meshed metal
stretch net which is welded onto the supporting armature. The curvatures are bent and formed
according to the intended shape of the building. A 20 cm thick polyurethane solid-foam-insulation is
sprayed onto the outside of the arches, protecting the house from low or high temperatures.
A fleece filter mat is then laid on top of this and the building is covered with a thick layer of soil some
80 cm to 3 metres thick. The foundation of the buildings designed by Peter Vetsch are built
conventionally.
The interior walls of an earth house are furnished using loam rendering which provides superior
humidity compensation. The loam rendering is finally coated with lime-white cement paint.
Design and architecture
Earth houses by exponents like Peter Vetsch or Arthur Quarmby are based on the interpretation of
an environmentally conscious, ecological and progressive architecture. They stand out due to their
closeness to nature and allow an experience beyond the usual four walls and their right angles.
The earth house concept uses its surroundings as an advantage ? the surroundings are not adapted
to the building, the house is shaped in order to preserve the natural environment.
Modern earth-house architecture incorporates the latest interior finishing, such as contemporary
kitchens, bathrooms and house-control systems. Furthermore, every house is newly designed in
accordance with the wishes of its owners. Every earth house can therefore be considered a highly
individual object.
The focus of this planning process is the human being, who is given the opportunity to integrate
a “third skin” into his own architectural language. Earth houses can be built as single residential
houses or housing estates.
Dietikon eco house
스위스 환경 건축가 페터 베치(Peter Vetsch.68)는 생태학적이고 진보적인 건축 설계 건축가로 유명하다.
그는 스위스 Dietikon지역의 작은 인공호수 주변에 지하 구조의 동굴 같은 에코 하우스를 건축해 주목을
받았다. 이 지하 구조 하우스는 9개로, 강수와 저온,바람과 자연재해로부터 효과적으로 대응할 수 있도록
땅을 보온 덮개로 이용했다.
아래는 큰 사진들 입니다.
콘크리트 성형을 하기위한 철망골조 작업..
텔레토비 집 같기도 하고...스모프들이 살고 있는 집들 같습니다.
아쉬운 것은 주변의 마을과 어울리지 않는다는..., 개인적으로는 마치 무슨 묘지 같은 느낌이 듭니다.
저런 마을이 아닌, 산을 끼고 경치가 좋은 곳에 짓는다면 더욱 좋겠습니다.
아래는 또 다른 '어스 하우스'의 이미지들 입니다.
위의 집은 동굴집이라 불러야 하겠습니다.